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Conspectus

Conspectus 37

April 2024

Editorial Conspectus 2024

Author: Dr. Cornelia van Deventer

The Use of Translational English in Theological Compositions for More Effective Communication: Some Basic Considerations

Author: Ernst R. Wendland

Ernst R. Wendland earned a B.A. in Biblical Languages from Northwestern College (USA), an M.A. in Linguistics and a Ph.D. in African Languages and Literature from the University of Wisconsin, and a Master of Sacred Theology from Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary. Ernst lived in Zambia from 1962 until his retirement in 2022 from his teaching position at Lusaka Lutheran Seminary (since 1968). A former UBS Translation Consultant in Zambia, he still serves (since 1999) as Professor Extraordinary in the Department of Ancient Studies at Stellenbosch University and as Adjunct Professor (thesis supervisor-examiner) at South African Theological Seminary and three other graduate schools. Ernst is on the editorial/review board of several academic journals. His research and writing interests include various aspects of Bible translation as well as structural, stylistic, poetic, and rhetorical studies in biblical texts and the Bantu languages of South-Central Africa.

Keywords: Theological composition, communication, translation, Africa, English
This pedagogical study seeks to address the practical problem of communication in English when composing or providing theological literature for non-first-language readers. This includes materials on important biblical topics, current teaching resources, or Bible translations to be used as a source text. This article identifies some major problem areas that have been identified for composing theological works. It also proposes some strategies for using translational English to deal with them.

Oral Theology in the African Church: An Examination of the Divine Attributes in the Song Yehowa by Suzzy and Matt

Author: Isaac Boaheng

Dr. Isaac Boaheng holds a Ph.D. in Theology from the University of the Free State, South Africa. He is a Research Fellow at the University of the Free State, a part-time lecturer at the South African Theological Seminary, and a lecturer at Christian Service University College. Boaheng has over hundred publications in Systematic Theology, Ethics, Biblical Studies, Translation Studies, African Christianity, Linguistics, Pentecostalism, and Christian Mission, among others. He is an ordained minister of the Methodist Church Ghana serving the Suame Circuit of the Kumasi diocese. Boaheng lives in Ghana with his wife, Gloria, and five children, Christian, Benedict, Julia, Kalix, and Myjiloy.

Keywords: Africa, oral theology, immanence, YHWH
Orality is one of the key means of expressing ideas in most African traditional societies. For this reason, the development and promotion of oral theology are crucial for the promotion of the Christian faith in Africa. The use of oral theology is one of the key factors that make Christianity thrive in an oral community because it facilitates the contextualization of the Christian message and makes it relevant and meaningful to the receptor community.

The Rationale for Augustine’s Development of the Doctrine of Predestination

Author: Dumisani Member Ngobeni

Dr. Dumisani Member Ngobeni is a Church History lecturer at Christ Seminary in Polokwane. He holds a Ph.D. in Church and Dogma History from North-West University. Before joining Christ Seminary as a lecturer, Dumisani worked as a missionary at Christ Baptist Church, where he taught pastors for ministry and translated training materials from English to Xitsonga. As a Church History lecturer Dumisani strives to make complex concepts easy to understand. Under his guidance, many students have excelled in their studies and gone on to make significant contributions in their respective fields.

Keywords: Augustinianism, Pelagianism, predestination, sin, grace
Many Christians have misconceptions about predestination. It is a complex issue that is characterized by great theological disagreement. However, it cannot be disregarded given that someone’s belief on the matter has great consequences. The African theologian Saint Augustine (AD 354–430) spoke extensively on predestination.

Reconciliation in South Africa: Recent Contributions and the Part African Pentecostalism Can Play

Author: Bambo Miti

Mr. Bambo Miti obtained his B.Th., a B.Th. (Hons), and an M.Th in Systematic Theology from the University of South Africa (UNISA). He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in Systematic Theology at UNISA. He has presented papers at notable international conferences. His research interests include African Theology, African Pentecostalism, ecumenism, reconciliation, and migration. His doctoral research focuses on the role of faith traditions (African Pentecostalism) in dealing with the problem of violence and xenophobia in the local South African communities. Miti is a religious leader within the Pentecostal church and was a proposal research fellow (2022–2023) at the Social Science Research Council (SSRC). Bambo Miti is also a beneficiary of the Coimbra group scholarship, a scholarship that allows young African researchers to spend 1–3 months at a European university researching their proposed Ph.D. topic and establishing academic connections.

Keywords: Reconciliation, African Pentecostalism, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, retributive justice, unity
The current socio-political approaches to reconciliation in South Africa are fragile which is evidenced by the high levels of poverty, corruption, and inequalities which cancel the strides taken in the right direction of democratizing and unifying the country.

Maintaining an Evangelical Faith in the Face of a Decadent Culture of Democracy

Author: Kelebogile Thomas Resane

Dr. Kelebogile Thomas Resane is a former Teaching and Learning Manager at the University of the Free State in the Faculty of Theology and Religion. Resane remains a research fellow at the same university for the Department of Historical and Constructive Theology. He obtained his Ph.D. in Systematic Theology at the University of Pretoria in 2008. Over the years, Resane has been involved in various initiatives serving children and youth under Youth for Christ International. He retired in 2022 as a National Director of Bible League South Africa. He published over seventy academic articles in peer-reviewed journals and chapters in books and is the author of the books, Mentoring: A Journey to the Best One Can Be (2013), Communion Ecclesiology in a Racially Proliferated South Africa (2017), and South African Christian Experiences (2020). He was appointed the Editor-in-Chief of the African Journal of Pentecostal Studies in September 2023.

Keywords: Evangelical, culture, democracy, constitution, secularism
Evangelicals living in a democracy are faced with the pressures of constitutionalism and the influence of secularism. These two forces unsettle God from the public spaces and enhance decadent culture. This article addresses the current challenges Evangelicals face in the decadent culture of democracy in South Africa.

Which Way to Shalom? A Theological Exploration of the Yoruba and Western Foundations for Ethics and Development

Author: Wole Adegbile

Dr. Wole Adegbile was born in Nigeria and currently resides in Rwanda. He holds a Ph.D. in Theology and Development and serves as senior lecturer and director of quality assurance at Africa College of Theology, Kigali, Rwanda. He also teaches at Africa International University, Nairobi, Kenya, and serves as an adjunct faculty and examiner in other higher learning institutions in Kenya, Ethiopia, and Uganda. He previously served as a pastor at Grace Baptist Church Meiran, Lagos, Nigeria, and Jesus Glory Centre Ministries Thogoto, Kenya.

Keywords: Ethics, development, Shalom, humanism, Yoruba
The biblical concept of shalom is a state worthy of pursuit. This article is a theological exploration of the Yoruba and the Western (humanist) ethical foundations for development.

Book Review: Embodied Afterlife: The Hope of an Immediate Resurrection

Author: Lewis R. Polzin

Rev. Lewis R. Polzin is the pastor of St. Peter–Immanuel Lutheran Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. He is also an adjunct professor in the Theology Department for Concordia University, Wisconsin, the Vice President of Just & Sinner, and a Fellow of Practical Theology for the Weidner Institute. His research interests are in the resurrection, vocation, the sacraments, and homiletics. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at the South African Theological Seminary, where his thesis is provisionally entitled, “Implications for Sacramental Theology Derived from the Doctrine of the Resurrection in the Writings of Johann Gerhard and Joseph Ratzinger.” He is joyfully married to Elizabeth with whom he has two children.

Falconer, Robert. 2023. Embodied Afterlife: The Hope of an Immediate Resurrection. St. Francis Bay: Stockbridge Books. 229 pp. ISBN 978-0-6397-9183-8. Approx. 207.59 ZAR (10.98 USD). Paperback.

Book Review: The Holy Spirit in African Christianity

Author: Ali Mati

Mr. Ali Mati is a Nigerian-born Christian theologian with over 15 years’ experience in teaching, missions, church planting, and pastoring. He holds a diploma in computer applications, a bachelor’s in missiology, and a master’s degree in theological studies. Currently is pursuing a Ph.D. in Systematic Theology at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. His research interest is exploring St. Augustine’s perspective on human embodiment and flourishing for Christian interaction with diverse cultures and religions. Ali is an adjunct faculty member at ECWA Theological Seminary, Jos, and a volunteer teaching pastor with ECWA USA. He is passionate about theological education, church history, human flourishing, and Christian apologetics to Islam and Christianity in culture. Ali has had a significant impact on the lives of many individuals while serving with the Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA).

Ngaruiya, David K., and Rodney L. Reed, eds. 2022. The Holy Spirit in African Christianity. African Society of Evangelical Theology Series. UK: Langham. xxi, 151 pp. ISBN: 978139736469. Approx. 429.78 ZAR (22.99 USD). Paperback

Book Review: Who We Were Meant to Be: Rediscovering Our Identity as God’s Royal Priesthood

Author: Desmond Henry

Dr. Desmond Henry is a missional thought leader, Professor of Missiology, and an author and speaker dedicated to evangelism and global mission. As the International Director of the Global Network of Evangelists at the Luis Palau Association, he aims to enhance evangelism efforts worldwide. Henry also contributes as a catalyst for the Lausanne Movement’s Proclamation Evangelism Issue Network, is a Visiting Professor at Wheaton College’s Billy Graham School, and Extraordinary Senior Lecturer at North-West University, South Africa. As the chairman of the Editorial Board of Conspectus he works for the advancement of theological scholarship.

Burden, Matthew. 2022. Who We Were Meant to Be: Rediscovering Our Identity as God’s Royal Priesthood. Eugene: Wipf & Stock. x, 334 pp. ISBN: 978-1-6667-0874-5. Approx. 490 ZAR (26.55 USD). Paperback.
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